Types of Number

Number (Intermediate) - Types of Number

Prime Numbers A prime number is a number which can only be divided by one or itself. The smallest prime number is 2. 2 can only be divided by 2 or 1. Here are the first 20 prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71. Some numbers you may not be sure about, for example 51. In this case, try dividing by 3 or 7. e.g. 51 ÷ 3 = 17 So 51 is not a prime number.

Square Numbers A square number is formed by multiplying a number by itself. For example 2 x 2 = 4 4 is a square number. Here are the first 10 square numbers: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100. The square root of a square number is an integer (a whole number). For example the square root of 16 is 4. The meaning of square root is, ‘that figure which multiplied by itself gives the number'. So 4 is the square root of 16 because 4 x 4 = 16. The symbol for square root is  for example 16 = 4

Cubic Numbers A cubic number is formed by multiplying a number by itself three times. For example: 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 8 is a cubic number. The first 5 cubic numbers are: 1, 8, 27, 64, 125.

Factors Factors are numbers which will divide into a number without any remainder. Example 1: factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12, because: 12 ÷ 1 = 12 12 ÷ 2 = 6 12 ÷ 3 = 4 12 ÷ 4 = 3 12 ÷ 6 = 2 12 ÷ 12 = 1 Example 2: factors of 20 = 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, and 20. Note: all prime numbers have only two factors i.e. 1 and themselves. For example, factors of 7 = 1 and 7 only.

Digestive System

The functions of the digestive system are to digest and absorb foods.

Digestion Digestion is the breakdown of large, insoluble food molecules into small, soluble molecules so that they can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Digestion can be mechanical, for example chewing in the mouth and churning in the stomach to break the food into smaller pieces. Chemical digestion involves the use of special chemicals called enzymes.   These are catalysts which speed up the digestion of large molecules into small ones. The table summarises the types of enzymes and the products of digestion: Enzyme  Where it is produced  Food molecule it acts on  Products of digestion  Amylase  Salivary glands  Pancreas  Wall of small intestine   Starch (a carbohydrate)  Sugars  Protease  Stomach  Pancreas  Wall of small intestine  Proteins  Amino-acids  Lipase  Pancreas  Wall of small intestine   Fats and oils (lipids)  Fatty acids and glycerol Food is digested in the mouth, stomach and small intestine. Hydrochloric acid is also produced in the stomach.

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